|
John Stenhouse FRS FRSE FIC FCS (21 October 1809 – 31 December 1880) was a Scottish chemist. In 1854, he invented one of the first practical respirators. He was a co-founder of the Chemical Society in 1841. ==Life== John Stenhouse was born in Glasgow on 21 October 1809. He was the eldest son of William Stenhouse, a calico-printer in Glasgow, and Elizabeth Currie;〔In 1809 William Stenhouse, a merchant of Glasgow, married Elizabeth, second daughter of George Currie, Esq., at Nesbit. Marriage notice: ''The Athenaeum'' ... (London, England), vol. 5, (page 185 ) (1809).〕 he was the only one of their children to survive beyond infancy.〔George Stronach, “Stenhouse, John”, ''Dictionary of National biography, 1885-1900'', vol. 54, (page 149 ).〕〔“survive beyond infancy” -- page 185 of ''Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions'', vol. 39, (pages 185-188 ) (1881). Note: Much of the information in this source is reprinted in: * Obituary: "John Stenhouse, LL.D., F.R.S.", ''Nature'', vol. 23, (pages 244-245 ) (13 January 1881). * "Obituary notices of fellows deceased," ''Proceedings of the Royal Society of London'', vol. 31, (pages xix-xxi ) (1880-1881).〕 After graduating from the Glasgow Grammar School, he studied at Glasgow University from 1824 to 1828. Initially he intended to pursue a career in literature, but later his interests switched to chemistry, which he studied first under Professor Thomas Graham at the University and then under Dr. Thomas Thomson at Anderson’s University in Glasgow (now part of the University of Strathclyde, one of whose buildings is named after him). During 1837-1839, he attended the chemical lectures at Glasgow University, whence he left to pursue chemistry research for two years under Justus Liebig at the University of Giessen in Germany. He then returned to Glasgow. In 1841 he was a co-founder of the Chemical Society of London. In 1848 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of London. He received his LL.D. degree from the University of Aberdeen in 1850.〔Page 186 of ''Journal of the Chemical Society, Transactions'' (1881).〕 Hitherto Stenhouse had been living on a fortune that had been left to him by his father; however, in 1850 the Glasgow Commercial Exchange Company failed〔See: * ''The Bankers’ Magazine; Journal of the Money Market and Railway Digest'' (London, England), vol. 10, pages (446 ), 515, 574 and 575 (1850). * John Francis and I. Smith Homans, ''History of the Bank of England, Its Times and Traditions, from 1694 to 1844'' (New York, New York: Offices of the Bankers’ Magazine, 1862), pages (399 )-400. * Richard Saville, ''Bank of Scotland: A History, 1695-1995'' (Edinburgh, Scotland: Edinburgh University Press Ltd., 1996), (page 353 ).〕 and his inheritance was lost. He then sought a professorship at Owens College, now the University of Manchester, but was unsuccessful. However, in February 1851 he was appointed Lecturer on Chemistry to the medical school at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London. (August Kekulé (1829-1896), who would become an eminent organic chemist, was one of his laboratory assistants during this time.〔Joseph S. Fruton, ''Methods and Styles in the Development of Chemistry'' (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: American Philosophical Society, 2002), (page 107 ).〕) In 1857 Stenhouse suffered a stroke,〔Hannah Gay (20 March 2008) (“Technical assistance in the world of London science, 1850–1900,” ) ''Notes & Records of the Royal Society'', vol. 62, no. 1, pages 51-75.〕 which left him partially paralyzed and forced him to resign his position. He left England to convalesce with his mother in Nice (then still part of Italy) until her death in February 1860. In June of that year he returned to England and opened a laboratory in an outbuilding of an abandoned factory on Rodney Street, King's Cross, London; there he supported himself by assaying, consulting, and performing other contract work.〔Gay (2008)〕 He also recommenced his researches in chemistry, even though he could not perform experiments with his own hands. He hired assistants (mainly graduates from the Royal College of Chemistry) to do the work for him.〔Gay (2008).〕 These assistants included Raphael Meldola (1849-1915), who would become an eminent organic chemist, and Charles E. Groves (1841-1920), who co-authored of many of Stenhouse’s papers, which ultimately numbered in excess of 100.〔 From 1865 to 1870 he was an assayer to the Royal Mint (where his former professor Thomas Graham was Master of the Mint). In 1871 he received the Royal Medal of the Royal Society for his chemical researches. In 1877 he became a Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry. He died a natural death on 31 December 1880, age 72, at his home in Pentonville, Islington, London〔''English Mechanic and World of Science'' ... , vol. 32, no. 824, (page 419 ) (7 January 1881).〕 and was buried in the High Church New Cemetery in Glasgow. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Stenhouse」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|